As pets age, their owners often cherish the opportunity to witness the maturation of their beloved companions. However, alongside the joys of seniority, many pet owners confront the challenges of declining mobility. Changes such as slower movements or hesitation to jump out of bed can signal mobility issues in aging dogs and cats.
Dr. Lisa Lippman, a veterinarian and director of virtual medicine at Bond Vet, explains that common mobility issues in senior pets include osteoarthritis, degenerative joint disease, and muscle atrophy. Other contributing factors can include spinal problems, hip dysplasia, obesity, and even neurological conditions. To assist owners in providing the best care for their aging pets, we consulted three veterinary experts on strategies to enhance comfort and quality of life for senior animals dealing with arthritis or mobility issues.
Recognizing Pain and Behavioral Changes
Studies indicate that joint problems like osteoarthritis affect approximately 20% of dogs over one year old and a staggering 80% of dogs over eight. Similarly, osteoarthritis impacts about 60% of cats over six years old and up to 90% of cats over 12. Dr. Lippman highlights that pain symptoms can be subtle, presenting as changes in behavior, reluctance to move, and a decreased interest in favorite activities. Stiffness when rising and slower walking may also indicate discomfort.
Cats are particularly skilled at masking pain, which can complicate diagnosis and treatment. According to Dr. Tracey Deiss from Zoetis, pain can disrupt a cat’s cognitive function and sleep patterns and affect their interactions with humans and other pets. Regular veterinary visits are crucial, especially if behavioral changes are observed.
Dr. Courtney Pierce, another veterinarian with Zoetis, notes that many dogs may not receive an osteoarthritis diagnosis until the disease is advanced, complicating effective treatment. Since chronic pain may not always elicit vocalization, pet owners must remain vigilant for non-verbal signs of discomfort.
Veterinary Recommendations
Veterinarians may prescribe medications such as NSAIDs, gabapentin, or injectable treatments to manage pain effectively. However, treatment can vary among animals, necessitating some trial and error. Additionally, physical therapy options, including hydrotherapy, massage, laser therapy, and acupuncture, can provide significant relief.
Maintaining a Healthy Weight
Keeping pets at a healthy weight is essential, particularly as they age. Excess weight can exacerbate joint issues and hinder mobility. Dr. Pierce emphasizes that maintaining a lean physique can delay the onset of osteoarthritis. A balanced diet and appropriate caloric intake are vital. Diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids can promote joint health, and supplements such as fish oil, glucosamine, and green-lipped mussel can also be beneficial. Owners are advised to consult their veterinarians before introducing new supplements or diets.
Exercise plays a critical role in maintaining joint flexibility and muscle strength. Dr. Lippman recommends regular, moderate exercise—short, frequent walks tailored to the pet’s comfort level—to avoid overexertion. Interactive play can stimulate movement while being mindful of joint stress.
Creating a Comfortable Home Environment
While osteoarthritis has no cure, pet owners can implement strategies to accommodate their pets’ needs at home. Dr. Deiss suggests providing ramps for easier access to favorite areas, low-sided litter boxes, and soft bedding to alleviate pressure on joints. Covering hard floors with rugs or mats can enhance traction, reducing the risk of slips.
For pets that struggle with mobility, tools like dog strollers can assist during outings, allowing them to rest when fatigued. An elevated feeding station can also minimize strain during mealtime.
For feline companions, observing behavior is key. Providing access to a cat tree may be helpful, but restrictions on climbing should be enforced until the cat is ready to jump safely.
Expert Insights
Dr. Lisa Lippman, DVM: A New York-based veterinarian, Lippman specializes in virtual medicine at Bond Vet. She is an advocate for homeless animals and hosts the podcast We Don’t Deserve Dogs.
Dr. Courtney Pierce, DVM, MBA: A veterinarian specializing in canine pain at Zoetis, Pierce has a keen interest in surgery and pain management.
Dr. Tracey Deiss, DVM: The medical lead for feline pain at Zoetis, Deiss provides veterinary relief services and serves on several veterinary boards.
By taking proactive steps and utilizing the advice of veterinary professionals, pet owners can help ensure that their senior pets remain comfortable and engaged during their golden years.
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