The Chow Chow is a unique and ancient dog breed with a fascinating history. Many people recognize them for their lion-like mane and blue-black tongues, but few know their original purposes. This article explores what Chow Chows were bred to do, diving into their historical roles, physical traits, and how these functions shaped their behavior today.
The Ancient Origins of the Chow Chow
Chow Chows are one of the oldest dog breeds in the world. DNA studies suggest they date back over 2,000 years, possibly even older. Originating in northern China and Mongolia, these dogs were highly valued for their versatility. Unlike many modern breeds developed for a single purpose, Chow Chows served multiple roles in ancient societies.
Their strong build, thick coat, and independent nature made them ideal for harsh climates. Early civilizations relied on them for survival, not just companionship. Below, we break down the key jobs Chow Chows were bred to perform.
Guarding and Protection: A Natural Instinct
One of the primary roles of the Chow Chow was guarding. Their imposing appearance and deep bark made them excellent watchdogs. In ancient China, they protected homes, temples, and even royal palaces.
Chow Chows are naturally aloof with strangers, a trait deliberately bred into them. They were not overly aggressive but would stand their ground against intruders. Their loyalty to their family made them reliable protectors. Even today, many Chow Chows retain this guarding instinct, making them excellent home defenders.
Hunting Companions: Tracking and Flushing Game
Before becoming primarily guard dogs, Chow Chows were used for hunting. Their strong sense of smell and endurance made them useful in tracking game. They were especially skilled at flushing out birds and small mammals for their owners.
Unlike modern hunting breeds that retrieve, Chow Chows were more independent. They would corner prey or drive it toward hunters rather than fetch it. This independence is still seen in the breed today, as they tend to be more self-reliant than other dogs.
Herding Livestock: An Overlooked Role
Another lesser-known job of the Chow Chow was herding. In rural parts of China and Mongolia, they helped manage livestock such as sheep and cattle. Their strong build and commanding presence allowed them to control large animals effectively.
While not as specialized as breeds like Border Collies, Chow Chows had the intelligence and physical ability to handle herding tasks. Their thick coats also protected them from harsh weather, making them ideal for working in cold mountainous regions.
Pulling Carts and Sleds: A Beast of Burden
Chow Chows were sometimes used as draft animals. Their powerful legs and sturdy bodies allowed them to pull small carts and sleds. In northern China, they transported goods, firewood, and even people across snowy terrain.
This role required both strength and endurance. Chow Chows were not as fast as Siberian Huskies, but they were reliable over long distances. Their ability to work in freezing temperatures made them invaluable in regions where other animals struggled.
Fur and Meat: A Dark Part of Their History
Unfortunately, Chow Chows were also bred for their fur and meat in some parts of ancient China. Their thick double coat provided warm material for clothing, and their meat was considered a delicacy in certain cultures.
This practice was not unique to Chow Chows—many dogs in Asia were used this way. However, it is a grim reminder of how differently dogs were viewed in the past. Thankfully, this is no longer a common practice, and Chow Chows are now cherished as companions and show dogs.
The Chow Chow in Royalty and Nobility
Over time, Chow Chows became status symbols among Chinese nobility. Emperors and wealthy families kept them as prized pets. Their unique appearance and dignified demeanor made them symbols of power and luxury.
Some historical accounts suggest that Chow Chows were even used in ceremonial roles. Their lion-like mane may have been seen as a sign of strength and royalty. This shift from working dog to luxury pet helped preserve the breed through centuries.
How Breeding Shaped Their Physical Traits
Every aspect of the Chow Chow’s body was shaped by their historical roles. Their thick double coat protected them from extreme cold while working outdoors. The blue-black tongue, a rare trait, may have been a genetic mutation that breeders favored for its uniqueness.
Their sturdy legs and deep chest gave them the strength needed for pulling carts. The broad skull and strong jaws were useful for holding prey while hunting. Even their curled tail, which rests on their back, may have helped keep it safe from frostbite.
The Modern Chow Chow: From Worker to Companion
Today, Chow Chows are primarily companion animals. However, their working-dog heritage still influences their behavior. They are independent, sometimes stubborn, and highly protective of their families.
While they no longer hunt or pull sleds, their guarding instincts remain strong. Owners must provide proper training and socialization to prevent aggression. Their intelligence makes them capable learners, but they prefer to think for themselves rather than blindly obey commands.
Training a Chow Chow: Understanding Their Independent Nature
Because Chow Chows were bred to work independently, they are not as eager to please as breeds like Labradors. Training requires patience and consistency. Positive reinforcement works best, as harsh methods can make them resentful.
Early socialization is crucial. Exposing them to different people, animals, and environments helps prevent excessive wariness. A well-trained Chow Chow is a loyal and well-mannered companion, but achieving this takes effort.
Health Considerations Linked to Their History
The Chow Chow’s past also affects their health. Their thick coat requires regular grooming to prevent matting and skin issues. Their deep-set eyes make them prone to entropion, a condition where the eyelid rolls inward.
Hip dysplasia is another common problem, likely due to their historical roles requiring heavy physical labor. Responsible breeding and proper care can help manage these issues, ensuring a long and healthy life.
Conclusion
The Chow Chow’s history is rich and varied. From guarding temples to pulling sleds, this breed was once a vital part of human survival in harsh environments. Their unique traits—both physical and behavioral—were carefully honed over centuries.
While they are now mostly companions, their working-dog roots still shine through. Understanding what Chow Chows were bred to do helps owners appreciate their quirks and strengths. Whether as a protector, hunter, or loyal friend, the Chow Chow remains one of the most fascinating breeds in the world.
By learning about their past, we can better care for them in the present. Their independence, loyalty, and resilience are a testament to their incredible heritage. The Chow Chow is not just a pretty face—it’s a breed with a story worth knowing.
Related topics:
Is a Chow Chow a Good Family Dog?
