Chow Chows are one of the oldest and most distinctive dog breeds in the world. Known for their lion-like mane, blue-black tongue, and aloof demeanor, these dogs have captivated dog lovers for centuries. But what were Chow Chows originally bred for? In this article, we’ll explore the history of the Chow Chow, its original purposes, and how its characteristics reflect its ancient roles.
A Brief History of the Chow Chow
Origins in Ancient China
Chow Chows are an ancient breed with a rich history that dates back over 2,000 years. Their exact origins are somewhat shrouded in mystery, but they are believed to have originated in northern China, possibly near Mongolia or Siberia. The breed’s history is so ancient that depictions of dogs resembling Chow Chows have been found on artifacts from the Han Dynasty, which ruled China from 206 BC to 220 AD.
In China, the Chow Chow was known as “Songshi Quan,” which means “puffy-lion dog,” a name that reflects the breed’s distinctive appearance. The breed was highly valued by Chinese nobility and was often kept as a companion by emperors. Over time, the breed’s roles expanded beyond companionship, reflecting the versatility and adaptability of these dogs.
Introduction to the Western World
Chow Chows were introduced to the Western world in the late 18th century, when British merchants brought them to England from China. The breed’s exotic appearance and noble bearing quickly made them popular among the British aristocracy. Queen Victoria was particularly fond of the breed, which further increased its popularity.
The American Kennel Club (AKC) officially recognized the Chow Chow in 1903, and since then, the breed has remained a favorite among dog enthusiasts in the United States and around the world.
The Roles of the Chow Chow
Guard Dogs
Chow Chows were originally bred to be guard dogs. In ancient China, they were commonly used to protect homes, palaces, and temples. Their alertness, courage, and strong territorial instincts made them excellent guardians. The breed’s natural aloofness towards strangers and its strong protective instincts were traits that were highly valued by their owners.
The Chow Chow’s imposing appearance, with its thick fur and stern expression, added to its effectiveness as a guard dog. Intruders would be deterred not only by the dog’s formidable presence but also by its willingness to defend its territory aggressively if necessary. Even today, many Chow Chows retain these protective instincts, making them excellent watchdogs for their families.
Hunting Dogs
In addition to being guard dogs, Chow Chows were also bred for hunting. They were used by Chinese nobility to hunt a variety of game, including pheasants, partridges, and other birds. Their keen sense of smell, strong build, and endurance made them effective hunting companions. They were particularly valued for their ability to work in harsh and cold climates, thanks to their thick double coat.
Chow Chows were also used to hunt larger game, such as wild boar. Their courage and strength allowed them to take on formidable prey, and their loyalty to their owners ensured that they would not abandon the hunt.
Sled Dogs
In northern regions of China, Chow Chows were occasionally used as sled dogs. Their muscular build, endurance, and ability to withstand cold temperatures made them suitable for pulling sleds over long distances. While they were not as specialized for this task as some other breeds, such as the Siberian Husky, their versatility allowed them to perform a wide range of duties.
The use of Chow Chows as sled dogs is a testament to their adaptability and work ethic. These dogs were expected to perform various tasks, and their ability to excel in different roles made them invaluable to their owners.
Livestock Guarding
Another role that Chow Chows were bred for was guarding livestock. In rural areas of China, they were often used to protect sheep, cattle, and other animals from predators such as wolves and thieves. Their protective instincts, coupled with their imposing appearance, made them effective at keeping livestock safe.
Chow Chows were known to be vigilant and watchful, traits that were essential for guarding animals. Their loyalty to their owners and their strong territorial instincts ensured that they would defend the livestock with determination.
Food Source
In ancient China, Chow Chows were also bred as a source of food. While this aspect of their history may seem shocking to modern dog lovers, it reflects the harsh realities of life in ancient times. In times of famine or hardship, these dogs were sometimes used for their meat. This practice was not unique to Chow Chows, as other breeds were also raised for food in various cultures around the world.
This historical role has largely been forgotten, and today, Chow Chows are cherished as beloved pets rather than as a food source. However, this aspect of their history serves as a reminder of the breed’s versatility and the different ways in which they have served human societies throughout history.
Characteristics of the Chow Chow
Appearance
The Chow Chow’s distinctive appearance is one of its most recognizable features. The breed has a broad head, deep-set eyes, and a short muzzle, giving it a unique, almost bear-like expression. Its thick, double coat comes in various colors, including red, black, blue, cinnamon, and cream. The fur around the neck is especially dense, creating a mane-like appearance that adds to the breed’s lion-like look.
One of the most unique features of the Chow Chow is its blue-black tongue, a trait that is shared with only a few other dog breeds, such as the Shar Pei. This characteristic adds to the breed’s exotic and distinctive appeal.
Temperament
Chow Chows are known for their independent and reserved nature. They are often described as being cat-like in their demeanor, as they tend to be aloof and prefer their own space. While they can be affectionate with their families, they are typically wary of strangers and do not seek out attention from people they do not know.
The breed’s strong-willed and sometimes stubborn nature can make them challenging to train, especially for inexperienced dog owners. However, with consistent, positive reinforcement training, Chow Chows can be well-behaved and obedient.
Chow Chows are also known for their loyalty to their owners. They form strong bonds with their families and can be very protective. This loyalty, combined with their natural guarding instincts, makes them excellent watchdogs.
Health and Care
Chow Chows are generally a healthy breed, but they can be prone to certain health issues, such as hip dysplasia, entropion (a condition where the eyelids roll inward), and skin problems. Regular veterinary check-ups, a balanced diet, and proper grooming are essential to keep a Chow Chow healthy.
The breed’s thick double coat requires regular grooming to prevent matting and to keep the fur in good condition. Chow Chows shed heavily, especially during seasonal changes, so owners should be prepared for regular brushing and grooming.
Chow Chows are also sensitive to heat, so they should be kept cool during hot weather. Their heavy coats can make them prone to overheating, so it’s important to provide plenty of water, shade, and air conditioning when necessary.
Exercise Needs
Despite their sturdy build, Chow Chows have moderate exercise needs. They are not as energetic as some other breeds, but they do require regular walks and mental stimulation to keep them healthy and happy. A daily walk, along with some playtime or mental enrichment activities, is usually sufficient for this breed.
Chow Chows are not typically suited for high-intensity activities, such as agility or endurance sports. However, they do enjoy spending time outdoors and exploring their surroundings at a more leisurely pace.
Chow Chows in Modern Times
Popularity as Companion Animals
Today, Chow Chows are primarily kept as companion animals. Their distinctive appearance, combined with their loyal and protective nature, makes them a popular choice for dog lovers who appreciate the breed’s unique characteristics. While they are no longer used for hunting, guarding livestock, or pulling sleds, they continue to serve as devoted and watchful companions.
Chow Chows are particularly well-suited to experienced dog owners who understand and appreciate their independent nature. They thrive in homes where they can be part of the family but also have their own space to retreat to when they need some alone time.
The Role of Chow Chows in Culture
Chow Chows have made their mark on popular culture as well. Their distinctive appearance has made them a favorite subject in art, photography, and even advertising. They have appeared in films, television shows, and commercials, often portrayed as dignified, regal dogs with a touch of mystery.
In China, the breed is still regarded with great respect, and it is often associated with wealth and nobility. The Chow Chow’s history as a companion to emperors and nobility has left a lasting legacy, and the breed is still considered a symbol of status and prestige in some circles.
Preservation of the Breed
While the Chow Chow remains a popular breed, it is important to preserve its unique characteristics and heritage. Responsible breeding practices, combined with a commitment to maintaining the breed’s health and well-being, are essential to ensuring that Chow Chows continue to thrive.
Organizations such as the American Kennel Club and the Chow Chow Club, Inc. play a crucial role in promoting responsible breeding and educating the public about the breed. By supporting these efforts, Chow Chow enthusiasts can help preserve the breed for future generations.
See also: What Is the Ancestry of a Bearded Collie?
Conclusion
Chow Chows are a breed with a rich and varied history, reflecting their versatility and adaptability. Originally bred as guard dogs, hunters, sled dogs, and even as a food source, they have served human societies in numerous ways throughout the centuries. Today, they are cherished as loyal and protective companions, known for their distinctive appearance and independent nature.
Understanding the history and original purposes of the Chow Chow helps us appreciate the breed’s unique characteristics and the roles they have played in human history. As we continue to care for and cherish these remarkable dogs, we honor their heritage and ensure that the Chow Chow remains a beloved breed for generations to come.
